Common Terms

Antioxidants

Substances that counter the destructive effects of free radicals in the body, which are a major cause of aging. Antioxidants help prevent tissue cellular damage by stabilizing free oxygen molecules and are used in natural preservative systems to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils. Some natural antioxidants used are Vitamin E and Green tea.

Emollients

Oils and other ingredients that soften and smooth the skin and reduce dryness, roughness and irritation. In hair care products, they restore lost moisture to hair fiber, contributing to shine and strength.

Emulsifiers

Substances used to help oil and water bind together and stay in suspension.

Humectants

Promote water retention in hair and skin care products by attracting and binding water to themselves. Vegetable glycerin is a humectant made from combining water and vegetable oil. Honey, a light humectant and nutrient, is used as a thickening agent to give body to facial masks, creams and lotions.

Hydrators

Supply water to the hair and skin. Plant lipids are the best source of beneficial hydrating agents. For example, Aloe Vera is a common natural ingredient for hydration.

Surfactants

Surface active agents responsible for wetting, dispersion and emulsification. Wetting enhances the spreading and penetrating ability of a liquid, which in turn improves the cleaning ability of water. For example, Decyl Glucoside is derived from coconut, corn and soya oils and provides a rich non-irritating and non-toxic lather.

Tonics

Herbal extracts that soothe, clarify, stimulate or otherwise improve the condition of the skin, hair and scalp. These are typically extracted in vegetable glycerin, water or natural grain alcohol, or added as essential oils.